处理含铅油漆的技巧

如果你的房子建于1978年之前, it likely contains lead-based paint. 即使它是在1978年后建造的, it could still have lead paint if the painter was using an older can of paint. 在极少数情况下, 检查人员发现，即使在20世纪90年代建造的房屋中也有含铅油漆，因为油漆工储存了油漆，并使用了旧罐. 根据疾病预防控制中心的数据， roughly 29 million housing units contain lead-based paint hazards. 铅暴露不能掉以轻心，特别是如果你有年幼的孩子.

铅中毒症状

铅对所有年龄的人都有危险, but children younger than 6 years old are particularly susceptible. 儿童和成人接触铅(即使是低水平)的一些影响包括:

• 损害肾脏和神经系统.
• 学习障碍.
• 说话、语言和行为方面的问题.
• 身体发育缓慢.
• 高危妊娠和生育问题.
• 高血压.
• 消化问题.

A simple blood test at the doctor's office can detect lead poisoning. The best way to treat lead poisoning is to remove or minimize exposure to lead.

识别含铅涂料的方法

鉴别含铅油漆的一个很好的起点是知道你的房子的年龄. The older the home, the more likely it is to have lead paint. 如果它是在1978年之前建造的，为了安全起见，假设你用的是含铅油漆. 1978年以前建造的房屋:

• 如果油漆开始剥落，那就表明它是旧漆，更有可能含有铅. 油漆剥落也意味着它对可能摄入它的小孩来说是非常危险的, 所以这种情况应该得到补救.
• If you see indications of multiple layers of paint applied on top of each other, that increases the likelihood that lead paint is at the original layer(s).
• If you have painted wood or metal from when the home was built, 这些表面很可能是铅的候选者.
• 你可以联系以前住在房子里的主人，询问他们是否可以确定是否有含铅油漆. 如果他们在1978年之前住在这个房子里，或者之前测试过铅含量，他们可能会知道.
• T在这里 are various test kits available that can be used.
• X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can be used for analysis as well. XRF devices are cost prohibitive for most non-professional lead inspections, 但也有一些专业人士使用它们.
• 如果你怀疑家里有铅, you can hire a certified inspector or risk assessor to test your home.

处理含铅油漆的技巧

如果你的家有含铅涂料，采取以下步骤来保护你的家人的安全.

• 检查表面. 形状良好的含铅涂料不会构成威胁. 但磨损是有可能的，尤其是油漆过的窗框、门、门框和楼梯. Regularly inspect surfaces for peeling, chipping or damage.
• 保持清洁. Even a few particles of lead-based paint can be hazardous. 定期擦地板, windowsills and other paint-covered surfaces to keep them free from lead dust.
• 执行任何工作，可能会搅动含铅油漆不建议一般做自己的重塑. 大多数这些项目都应使用专门的工具、培训和材料. 例如, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified contractors use hazmat suits, NIOSH-certified respirators and HEPA vacuums among other tools. 环保署的改革, 维修和油漆规则(RRP)要求只有经EPA认证的公司才能进行可能导致任何含铅油漆干扰的翻新或维修. 即使你是出租物业的房东，这条规则也适用于你. 小心改造. 家庭装修涉及刮擦或干扰油漆可能释放有毒的铅尘. The RRP rule doesn't apply to individuals working on their own residence, 所以如果你决定自己动手, 尽可能多地学习 无铅装修措施 并遵循环保局的指导方针. 或者，更好的 ...
• 雇佣专业人士. Enlist a Lead-Safe Certified renovation firm to help with your next project, or hire a certified lead abatement contractor to ditch lead for good. 查找认证的检查，风险评估，消减和装修公司上 环保局的网站. 如果你雇佣专业人士, 这篇文章值得一读，这样你就可以了解你的选择，并更好地与专业人士就减少含铅涂料进行沟通.

封装含铅涂料的方法

涂上铅通常是最简单的防止含铅涂料的方法, 但它也是最无效的. 在含铅油漆上油漆很容易磨损和其他损坏，并且要求表面清洁, 光滑，没有令人望而却步的损伤. 在此基础上更进一步是封装含铅涂料.

Encapsulating lead paint can still have drawbacks

• 封装会磨损. 出于这个原因, you should avoid encapsulating in high traffic areas such as floors, 门, 抽屉和窗户.
• 封装对窗台和装饰等木制区域尤其危险，因为含铅油漆中的甜味或咬木头的感觉可能会促使儿童或宠物咬穿封装. 大多数类型的封装都能更好地阻止这种情况发生，而不是什么都不做或只是简单地涂上一层, but the danger of exposure from damage is still t在这里.
• Encapsulants themselves can have chemicals that are hazardous.
• Encapsulation can reduce details in surfaces such as trim or crown molding.

在封装时要考虑一些事情

• Make sure the surface is smooth, clean, not glossy and not damaged. If it’s damaged, fix the area and also the source of the damage. 如果它有光泽, 该区域可能需要粗糙，以使封装正确粘附, 哪些会释放铅尘. 如果表面有裂缝，油漆剥落或其他问题，这些问题应予以补救. As these issues are mitigated, be careful to prevent exposure to the lead paint.
• T在这里 are several types of encapsulants to choose from. Apply the encapsulation according to the instructions. Different surfaces can require different encapsulation products. 封装产品的类型包括:
  • 柔性膜涂层. These are polymers applied with a roller, brush or airless spray gun.
  • 坚硬但有弹性的膜. 这些是环氧树脂或聚氨酯聚合物，应用于辊，刷或无气喷枪.
  • 硬、厚、不灵活的涂层. 这些是类似水泥的材料，含有聚合物，通常用镘刀涂抹.

使用建筑材料覆盖含铅油漆

In some cases, covering lead paint with building materials is another option. Make sure none of the old lead paint is still exposed, such as in corners. The lead paint can still be disturbed during the process, 所以安全措施是必要的，以避免接触，你可能需要聘请专业人士. 确保在接下来的道路上不会有需要去除的覆盖表面的问题(裂缝或凸起形成), 想要改变房间的风格, 等.) as that could be an even more expensive problem. You’ll need to prepare the surface appropriately for the method you choose. 有相当多的选择，包括:

• 用石膏板覆盖的.
• 墙纸覆盖.
• 用船皮覆盖的. Many types of shiplap leave a gap between each board. If this is the case, make sure the gaps are encapsulated or mitigated properly. 注意，如果差距足够大, children could still get through with their fingers, 铅笔, 蜡笔或他们可能想出的其他工具，一些宠物仍然可以得到颜料. Chipping or paint dust could also fall through the cracks.
• 用墙板覆盖.

如何去除含铅油漆的提示

适当的移除是最可靠的补救措施，但移除也可能是最危险和最昂贵的. 这是因为与其他方法相比，去除会使铅粉尘产生更多的铅暴露，并且通常仍需要处理缓和表面的化妆品. 如前所述，铅涂料的去除应由合格的专业人员完成. 如果你想了解更多关于一个合格的专业人士将如何完成这项任务的细节，或者你想减轻你所居住的住所和拥有的人才, 时间和意愿，通过巨大的努力，以确保自己和那些你住在一起的安全-你可以阅读 Steps to LEAD SAFE Renovation, Repair and Painting 由环保局发布.

透过油漆看过去. Lead also may be present in soil tracked into the house, on some children's toys and even in older pipes and plumbing. 你的自来水里有铅吗?